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Career Guide · Air Force Enlisted · DAFI 36-2101

The Skill Level System, Decoded.

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 — the five levels that govern your Air Force career. What each requires, how long it takes, and what happens if you fall behind. Your 5-level is not automatic. CDCs fail people every year.

5
Skill levels total
1 · 3 · 5 · 7 · 9
3
Gates to 5-level
CDCs + OJT + time
12–24
Typical mo to 5-lvl
AFSC-dependent
CFETP
Governing document
Per AFSC on e-Pub
Sources: DAFI 36-2101 (Classifying Military Personnel), AFI 36-2201 Vol 1 (Air Force Training), and the CFETP structure common to all AFSCs. Specific timelines vary by AFSC — your CFETP (available at e-publishing.af.mil) is the authoritative source.

The 1 → 3 → 5 → 7 → 9 Pipeline

Every airman enters at the 1-level. Each upgrade requires specific gates — none are automatic. The 5-level is the critical first-term milestone.

1
level
HelperEntry at enlistment

Works under direct supervision at all times. No formal training completed. Cannot perform tasks independently.

Requirements to upgrade
  • Complete Basic Military Training (7.5 weeks)
  • Report to AFSC technical school
  • No CDC requirement at this level
Every airman enters at the 1-level. You are a student. The 1-level has no formal test — it is simply the starting state before any AFSC training is complete.
3
level
ApprenticeUpon tech school graduation

Technical school complete. Can perform basic tasks with supervision. Eligible to start OJT task certification at first duty station.

Requirements to upgrade
  • Complete AFSC technical school curriculum
  • Pass all technical school course exams
  • Receive school graduation certification
  • Report to first permanent duty station
The 3-level is awarded the day you graduate tech school. You are now qualified — on paper. In practice, your supervisor will treat you like you just arrived, because you have. Now the real work starts: CDCs and OJT task certifications.
5
level
JourneymanAfter CDCs + OJT + time requirement

The critical first-term milestone. CDC complete, core OJT tasks certified, minimum time-in-training met. Required for most SrA (E-4) promotion eligibility.

Requirements to upgrade
  • Complete 5-level CDC volume set (study guides covering your entire AFSC)
  • Pass CDC End-of-Course Exam at an official testing center
  • Complete all core task certifications listed in your AFSC's CFETP
  • Meet minimum time-in-training requirement (varies by AFSC — typically 12–18 months)
  • Supervisor certifies all OJT task completions in CAMS/G081
  • Unit training manager reviews and submits for skill level upgrade
The 5-level is where most first-termers either do it right or discover they were not tracking something. CDCs fail people every year. OJT task lists get ignored for months in busy units. The time requirement exists even if CDCs and tasks are complete. All three gates must be passed — not just one.
7
level
CraftsmanAfter 7-level CDCs + NCO status + additional OJT

NCO-level expertise. Responsible for supervising and training junior airmen. Requires 7-level CDCs, additional task certifications, and NCO PME.

Requirements to upgrade
  • Hold 5-level and be promoted to SSgt (E-5) or higher
  • Complete 7-level CDC volume set for your AFSC
  • Pass 7-level CDC End-of-Course Exam
  • Complete all 7-level task certifications in CFETP
  • Airman Leadership School (ALS) required for SSgt promotion (concurrent requirement)
The 7-level is the NCO level. You are now expected to train and certify 3-level and 5-level airmen. The 7-level CDCs are more advanced — they assume you know the job and focus on supervision, training, and career field management. ALS is not optional if you want to pin on SSgt.
9
level
SuperintendentMSgt (E-7) promotion / superintendent billet

Senior NCO expert level. Appointed to or serving in a superintendent or functional manager role. No formal exam — awarded by grade and duty position.

Requirements to upgrade
  • Hold 7-level and be promoted to MSgt (E-7) or above
  • No formal CDC exam — 9-level is awarded, not tested
  • Completion of Senior NCO Academy (SNCOA) or equivalent PME is expected
  • Typically appointed to a superintendent, flight chief, or functional manager billet
The 9-level is not a test you pass — it is a recognition of grade and position. Most MSgts receive it at promotion. The real career work at this level is PME completion (SNCOA) and competing for CMSgt, which is a board process not a skill level.

Where are you in the pipeline?

Select your career field group and current skill level to get a rough estimate of your timeline to the next upgrade. Your CFETP governs the exact requirement.

Skill Level Progress Estimator

Select your career field group and current skill level to estimate your timeline to the next level. Timelines are based on typical CFETP requirements — your AFSC's CFETP is the authoritative source.

Timelines shown are typical ranges derived from common CFETP requirements. Your AFSC's CFETP (available on Air Force e-Publishing) and your unit training manager are the authoritative sources. Operational tempo, deployment, and unit staffing affect actual timelines.

CDCs — Career Development Courses

CDCs are the formal study component of skill level progression. They are not optional, and they are not open-book. Understanding how they work keeps you from getting blindsided.

What CDCs are

Career Development Courses are AFSC-specific study guides and end-of-course exams produced by Air University (AU/A4L). Each AFSC has volumes covering its technical knowledge, regulatory requirements, and operational procedures. 5-level CDCs cover apprentice-through-journeyman content. 7-level CDCs add supervisory, training management, and career field management topics.

How they work

Your unit training manager (UTM) enrolls you in your CDC set through AFTR. You receive the physical or digital volumes and study on your own. When you are ready, the UTM schedules you for an End-of-Course Exam (ECE) administered at a formal testing center or through official online testing. The exam is closed-book. Passing requires a minimum score set by the CDC program for your AFSC.

If you fail

One retest is typically authorized after a mandatory 30-day study period. A second failure requires commander notification and a formal remedial training plan. Two failures in the same CDC set is a career marker — it will appear in your training record and raises questions on promotion boards. Do not attempt the exam until you are ready. Your UTM can help you identify weak areas.

CDCs and promotion

CDCs must be complete before your skill level can be upgraded. No skill level upgrade means no promotion finalization in most cases. The CDCs are not just a checkbox — they are part of a three-gate system: (1) CDCs complete and ECE passed, (2) OJT tasks certified, (3) minimum time met. All three must be done. Completing CDCs without finishing OJT tasks still blocks your upgrade.

Currency and updates

CDCs are updated periodically by your career field's Career Field Manager (CFM). When new volumes are issued, outstanding trainees may be required to complete supplemental material. If you receive updated volumes during your CDC period, verify with your UTM whether you need to study the new content before testing. Outdated CDCs are a common source of confusion during retrain programs.

Study resources

Your CDCs are the primary study source. Do not rely solely on flashcard apps or third-party study guides — exam content is drawn from the official volumes. The Air University e-Learning portal and myLearning (AF Portal) are the official digital access points. Some career fields maintain informal study groups — ask your NCOs.

Your CFETP — the document that actually governs your training

The Career Field Education and Training Plan (CFETP) is the master governing document for your AFSC's training requirements. Understanding how to read it is not optional — it defines exactly what you need to do to upgrade your skill level.

What the CFETP contains
  • Part I: Career Field Overview — grade and rank requirements, assignment considerations, and training philosophy for your AFSC
  • Part II: Training Standards — the complete list of tasks with proficiency codes indicating what level must be trained to at each skill level
  • Section A: OJT task list — the actual tasks that must be certified by your supervisor
  • Section B: Course requirement listing — what formal courses apply at each skill level
  • Proficiency codes: A (can perform with assistance), B (can perform without assistance), C (can perform to instructor level) — different tasks require different proficiency levels
Where to find your CFETP

Every AFSC's CFETP is publicly available on Air Force e-Publishing:

e-publishing.af.mil →

Search by AFSC number in the publication search. Your UTM should also have a current copy. If your unit's copy is more than 18 months old, check e-Publishing — CFETPs are updated periodically and your training requirements may have changed.

How to read it — the task list

The Part II task list uses columns to indicate the proficiency level required at each skill level. Look for your AFSC's 5-level column — any task with a proficiency code there must be trained and certified before your 5-level upgrade can proceed.

Bring your CFETP to conversations with your trainer and UTM. Know which tasks you have left. Do not wait for your supervisor to track this for you — it is your career.

Career Field Managers — who controls the training requirements

The CFM is a senior NCO (typically a CMSgt) designated to manage the overall health, training standards, and personnel requirements for a specific AFSC. The CFM owns the CFETP and the CDCs. If your training requirements change, the CFM made that call.

What the CFM controls

The CFM owns the CFETP, including the task list and proficiency code requirements at each skill level. When the Air Force updates CFETP requirements, removes tasks, or adds new qualification standards, that change originates from or is approved by the CFM for that career field. CFMs also influence CDC content through coordination with Air University.

CFM waiver authority

CFMs have authority to waive or adjust certain training requirements in cases where mission requirements, deployment, or exceptional circumstances prevent normal training progression. Waivers are not routine and typically require command-level coordination. If a standard training timeline is impossible for your situation, the chain to the CFM — through your UTM, training manager, and functional area manager — is the right path.

Finding your CFM

CFMs are managed through Air Force Personnel Center (AFPC) functional management offices. Your UTM and senior career field NCOs will know how to contact the CFM for your AFSC. AFPC publishes career field management pages on myPers (mypers.af.mil) that include CFM contact information for most career fields.

When the CFM matters to you

Most airmen never deal directly with their CFM. Where the CFM matters: (1) if there is a dispute about your training requirements that cannot be resolved at the unit level, (2) if you are in a unique duty situation where normal training is not possible and you need a formal waiver, or (3) if you are pursuing functional management roles or a special duty assignment within your career field. For most day-to-day training issues, your UTM is the right contact.

What happens if you fall behind

Falling behind on skill level progression is more common than recruiters suggest, and the consequences are real. Most problems are solvable — but only if you engage early.

Promotion holdsKnow this first

If your 5-level is not awarded before your promotion window for SrA or SSgt opens, your promotion can be held. In most cases, the promotion date is adjusted — you still get the promotion once the upgrade is complete, but you lose the back pay and seniority of the original date. The longer the delay, the more this costs you in both money and promotion timing going forward.

CDCs not enrolled on timeCommon cause

The most common reason airmen fall behind is not getting enrolled in CDCs promptly after arriving at their first duty station. This often happens during busy operational periods or when UTMs are stretched thin. It is your responsibility to know your status and push for enrollment. Ask your supervisor and UTM about CDC enrollment within your first 60 days at your duty station.

OJT task list ignoredCommon cause

Busy units with high op tempo can neglect OJT task documentation for months. You can complete CDCs and still be blocked on skill level upgrade if your task list is incomplete. Maintain your own copy of your CFETP task list and track your completions. Do not assume your supervisor is tracking it. Review your AFTR record regularly.

What to do if you are behindRemediation path

Talk to your UTM immediately. They have visibility on your training record and can identify the specific blocks. If CDCs are the issue, they can initiate enrollment and help schedule the exam. If OJT tasks are the issue, they can work with your supervisor to prioritize task certifications. If there are extenuating circumstances (deployment, medical, PCS during training), document them — they may support a training waiver through the chain of command.

Reenlistment complicationsReenlistment risk

Skill level requirements are also tied to reenlistment eligibility in some AFSCs and circumstances. An airman who has not completed 5-level requirements and is approaching ETS may face reenlistment complications if the upgrade is not on track. Do not let this surprise you at the 12-month-out mark. Track your training status the same way you track your ETS date.

Frequently asked

How long does it take to get my 5-level?
Typically 12 to 24 months after graduating tech school, depending on your AFSC. The actual timeline is governed by three requirements that must all be met: (1) completing your 5-level CDC volume set and passing the End-of-Course Exam, (2) certifying on all core OJT tasks listed in your AFSC's CFETP, and (3) meeting the minimum time-in-training requirement. Your AFSC's CFETP (available at e-Publishing) specifies the exact task list and minimum time. Maintenance AFSCs often run 18–24 months; support and ops AFSCs may be closer to 12 months. Ask your unit training manager (UTM) for your specific AFSC's requirements and where you stand on the task list.
What happens if I fail a CDC test?
You can retest. The governing procedure is in AFI 36-2201 and your AFSC's CDC program guidance. Generally: after a first failure, you are authorized one retest after a mandatory study period — typically 30 days. A second failure requires commander notification and a formal remedial training plan before a second retest is authorized. Repeated failures are a career indicator — they go in your record and affect promotion board perception. If you are struggling with CDCs, get to your unit training manager immediately. Some units have CDC study groups or tutoring programs. Do not wait until the retest window to ask for help.
Can I start CDCs before I arrive at my first duty station?
Technically you can review CDC material, but officially CDCs are assigned and tracked by your gaining unit through AFTR (Air Force Training Record). The formal CDC enrollment happens at your first duty station after you in-process and your 3-level is confirmed. Some units will let you access CDCs early through informal channels, but your official enrollment, progress tracking, and End-of-Course Exam authorization all flow through your UTM at your duty station. Use any downtime before arrival to review your AFSC's CFETP, understand the task list, and get familiar with the job — but your UTM opens the official training gate.
Does my skill level reset if I retrain to a new AFSC?
Yes. When you retrain to a new AFSC, you enter the new career field at the 3-level (apprentice) after completing the retrain technical school, regardless of your previous skill level. Your previous skill level in your old AFSC does not transfer. You then progress through the 5-level and 7-level requirements in the new AFSC from that point. The time you spent at a higher skill level in your old AFSC is not wasted — your experience, leadership, and PME record carry over — but the technical training pipeline restarts for the new AFSC.
What is the difference between a 7-level and a 9-level?
The 7-level (Craftsman) is earned through a formal process: completing 7-level CDCs, passing the End-of-Course Exam, certifying on 7-level OJT tasks, and holding NCO rank (SSgt or higher). The 9-level (Superintendent) is not earned through a formal exam — it is awarded based on grade (MSgt/E-7 and above) and duty position. Most MSgts receive the 9-level upon promotion or when appointed to a superintendent billet. The 9-level signifies senior NCO appointment to a supervisory/functional management role, not a specific test passed.
How do skill levels affect my promotion eligibility?
Skill levels are a direct gating factor for several promotions. For Airman First Class (A1C) to Senior Airman (SrA): most AFSCs require the 5-level to be awarded before the promotion to SrA can be finalized — you cannot pin on SrA without your 5-level in most career fields. For Staff Sergeant (SSgt): you must hold a 5-level before the SSgt promotion is awarded; ALS completion is also required. For Technical Sergeant (TSgt) and above: you must hold the 7-level. Skill level requirements are defined in DAFI 36-2101. Your recruiter almost certainly did not explain this — now you know.

Sources: DAFI 36-2101 (Classifying Military Personnel, current edition); AFI 36-2201 Vol 1 (Air Force Training Program, AF Course Development and Publication Procedures); Career Field Education and Training Plans (CFETPs) published on Air Force e-Publishing at e-publishing.af.mil. Where exact timelines and task requirements vary by AFSC, the individual CFETP governs. Policy guidance memoranda (AFGMs) may amend requirements between publication cycles. Verify current requirements with your unit training manager before making career decisions based on this guide.

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Published by the Honest MOS Editorial DeskVerified against DoD/.gov sourcesUpdated May 2026Editorial standards