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Occupational Risk / MOS Safety Data

Before you sign the contract, here is what the OSHA disclosure would look like.

The military publishes occupational safety data. It is public, scattered across four service safety centers, and written for safety professionals. This page makes it readable.

Data note:This page presents aggregate risk categories from publicly available official sources. Specific figures are cited by source. Where precise numbers are unavailable, we describe where to find the data rather than estimate. MOS-level data is in development.

Section 01

How Military Occupational Risk Is Tracked

Each branch of service maintains its own safety center. The data is public but not aggregated in any single place, and it is not presented to recruits as part of the enlistment process.

USACRC
U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center

Annual accident reports, Class A–D mishap data, monthly safety reports, and searchable accident database.

safety.army.mil
AFSEC
Air Force Safety Center

Class A mishap reports, aviation accident investigations, and annual safety statistics.

safety.af.mil
NavSafeCen
Naval Safety Center

Naval aviation and ground mishap data, dive accident reports, and safety program publications.

navalsafetycenter.navy.mil
DMDC
DoD Defense Manpower Data Center

Annual casualty reports, personnel and workforce analytics, OIF/OEF casualty data by component and MOS category.

dmdc.osd.mil
Class A Mishap — Definition

A Class A mishap is the most serious category in military safety classification. It is defined as an incident resulting in a fatality, permanent total disability, or property damage of $2.5 million or more (per DoDI 6055.07; thresholds are updated periodically). Class A mishap rates are the primary benchmark used to compare occupational risk across career fields and are published annually by each service safety center. Below Class A: Class B ($500K–$2.5M or partial permanent disability), Class C ($50K–$500K or 5+ lost work days).

Section 02

The Risk Categories — Aggregate Picture

Based on publicly available DoD and service branch safety data, military occupational risk falls into three tiers. These are aggregate patterns — individual assignments, units, and time periods vary significantly.

Highest Occupational Risk
Rotary Wing AviationPilots, 15T, 15U, 15Y, Aviation Crew

Military rotary wing aviation has consistently had the highest Class A mishap rates of any occupational category. The Army has historically averaged 15–25 Class A aviation mishaps per year (USACRC annual data; figures vary by year and operational tempo). Crew chiefs, door gunners, and pilots face elevated risk from flight operations, crash survivability differentials in rotary vs. fixed wing, and sustained ramp/flight line hazards including FOD, rotor wash, and fuel exposure.

Source: USACRC Annual Aviation Mishap Summary
Explosive Ordnance Disposal89D (Army), Navy EOD, USAF EOD

EOD personnel sustained among the highest per-capita KIA rates of any support MOS during OIF/OEF operations, driven primarily by IED response missions. Per-capita comparison with combat arms (11 series, 18 series) varies by methodology; EOD's exposure was extreme relative to its population size. Peacetime occupational risk remains elevated due to live ordnance handling, render-safe procedures, and the nature of IED response operations.

Source: DoD DMDC OIF/OEF Casualty Reports
Infantry and Ground Combat Arms11 series (Army), 0311/0321 (USMC)

Highest ground combat casualty rates during deployed operations. Training injury rates for infantry — airborne operations, live-fire, vehicle operations — exceed most other MOS categories in USACRC ground accident data. Hearing loss rates are significant, and the physical demands create compounding musculoskeletal injury exposure across a career.

Source: USACRC Ground Accident Annual Summary
Special Operations18 series, SEAL, PJ, TACP, MARSOC, RASP/SFAS

Selection pipelines across special operations career fields have documented high attrition, creating sustained high-intensity physical injury exposure before an operator reaches a unit. Operational tempo during OIF/OEF produced high per-capita casualty rates. Long-term musculoskeletal damage is a documented career-pattern outcome for operators. Training fatalities are tracked through DoD casualty reporting (DMDC) and have been documented through congressional testimony.

Source: DoD DMDC Casualty Reports; Congressional testimony on SOCOM training fatalities
Waterborne and Dive OperationsNavy Divers, Army 12D, Combat Swimmers

Military diving fatalities are tracked by the Naval Safety Center. Documented risks include decompression illness, equipment failure in cold-water environments, and hypoxic loss of consciousness in closed-circuit operations. Training pipeline exposure is ongoing, not limited to deployed environments.

Source: Naval Safety Center Dive Mishap Reports
Moderate Occupational Risk
Armor19 series

Vehicle rollover risk is tracked in USACRC ground vehicle accident data and is a documented cause of Class A mishaps. Heat illness risk during vehicle operations — particularly in desert environments — is elevated. Turbine exhaust exposure and noise exposure from armored vehicle systems contribute to long-term health risk.

Combat Engineers12 series

Demolitions handling, breaching operations, and bridging create elevated injury risk in field conditions. During OIF/OEF, route clearance engineer elements had significant IED exposure. Hearing loss and musculoskeletal injury rates are comparable to infantry.

Field Artillery13 series

Hearing loss rates are among the highest of any MOS due to cannon fire exposure — this pattern is documented in multiple VA claims data analyses and USACRC occupational health publications. Ammunition handling creates additional injury risk during high-tempo fire missions.

Military Police31B (Army), 5811 (AF)

Higher-than-average assault exposure, vehicle pursuit operations, and detention facility risks distinguish MP from most support MOS categories. Stress and psychological injury rates are elevated relative to comparable civilian law enforcement baselines.

Aviation Maintenance (Non-Crew)15 series non-crew, 6V series (USMC)

Elevated hearing loss from sustained proximity to running aircraft. Chemical exposure through lubricants, military hydraulic fluids (MIL-PRF-83282 synthetic fire-resistant fluid; MIL-PRF-5606 petroleum-based hydraulic oil), and JP-8/JP-4 fuels is documented in VA claims and occupational health literature. Fall risk from maintenance platforms and elevated work positions contributes to trauma injury rates that exceed the Army's overall non-aviation average.

Lower Relative Occupational Risk
Administrative and Finance42 series, 36 series

Garrison assignment injury rates are broadly comparable to civilian office roles. Deployment creates incidental risk (indirect fire, vehicle movement) but base assignment does not carry the physical training intensity of combat arms.

Signal and Communications25 series (garrison)

Garrison signal roles carry relatively low physical occupational risk. Tower climbing (25U, 25L) is an exception with documented fall risk. Deployed environments create situational exposure regardless of MOS.

Intelligence35 series (non-deployed)

Non-deployed intelligence roles carry lower physical occupational risk than combat arms. Psychological stress, security clearance maintenance, and sustained irregular schedule exposure are documented long-term considerations.

Medical (Garrison)68 series (non-combat assignment)

Garrison medical roles have lower physical injury rates. Combat medic roles (68W attached to maneuver units) carry significantly elevated risk and should be treated as a moderate-to-high risk category during deployment.

Note: “Lower relative risk” in a military context still includes PCS vehicle accidents, base-related injuries, field exercise exposure, and potential deployment to any MOS. The comparison is relative to other military career fields — not to civilian white-collar work.

Section 03

The Toxic Exposure Dimension

Physical injury and death are not the only occupational risk categories. Long-term toxic exposure is documented across multiple military specialties and service eras — and it frequently does not manifest clinically until years or decades after separation.

Burn Pit Exposure — PACT Act (2022)

The PACT Act (Public Law 117-168, 2022) established a presumption of service connection for veterans who served in qualifying locations — including Southwest Asia, Djibouti, Egypt, and other covered areas — after August 2, 1990, for specific listed conditions related to airborne hazards and burn pit exposure. Eligibility requires a qualifying diagnosis; the law does not automatically entitle all qualifying veterans to compensation. FOB-based MOSs — infantry, MP, engineers, logistics personnel on forward operating bases — had the highest proximity to open burn pits. See va.gov for the full covered conditions list.

Source: PACT Act (Public Law 117-168); VA Presumptive Conditions List
Check PACT Act eligibility

Hearing Loss and Tinnitus — The Two Most Common VA Disabilities

Tinnitus is the single most common VA service-connected disability; hearing loss (auditory/hearing impairment) is consistently second. Together, these auditory conditions affect millions of veterans receiving VA compensation. Infantry, artillery, armor, and aviation MOSs have the highest documented rates in VA claims data. Institutional culture in many combat arms units actively discourages consistent hearing protection use — a documented pattern with a documented, preventable, permanently disabling consequence. (VA Annual Benefits Report; figures updated annually at benefits.va.gov)

Source: VA Annual Benefits Report (benefits.va.gov); USACRC Occupational Health Data

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

The TBI Center of Excellence (TBICoE, formerly DVBIC) tracks TBI through the DoD. Blast-exposed MOSs — EOD, infantry, armor, field artillery — have higher rates of documented TBI. A significant proportion of TBIs sustained in combat and training go undocumented at the time of injury, creating evidentiary challenges in later VA claims. TBICoE data is publicly available and broken down by severity and service component.

Source: DoD TBI Center of Excellence (TBICoE) — tbicoe.dcoe.mil

Chemical and Occupational Exposure by MOS

Specific MOS categories have documented chemical exposure histories. Fuel handlers (92F) have sustained exposure to JP-8 and diesel. Aviation maintenance (15 series) personnel have documented exposure to hydraulic fluids including Skydrol (a documented irritant and potential carcinogen). Painters and metal workers in maintenance MOSs have exposure to coatings containing isocyanates and heavy metals. These exposures are documented in occupational health literature but are rarely discussed in the enlistment context.

Source: VA Occupational Hazard Publications; OSHA Military Partnership Data
Section 04

How to Find MOS-Specific Data

The data is out there. It requires cross-referencing multiple sources and some manual work. Here is the practical navigation guide.

01

USACRC Annual Reports

safety.army.mil → Publications → Annual Safety Reports

Navigate to the Army Safety Program Annual Report for your fiscal year of interest. Look for the mishap breakdown by Army branch (Aviation, Ground, EOD). Class A mishap summaries are also published monthly and are searchable by accident type. Cross-reference the branch classification with your MOS's branch of service (e.g., Aviation for 15 series, Infantry for 11 series).

02

AFSEC Annual Report

safety.af.mil → Statistics

The Air Force Safety Center publishes annual statistics broken down by Class A/B/C mishap type, functional area (flight, ground, weapons, space), and fiscal year. Aviation mishap data includes crew position. Ground mishap data is less granular by AFSC but covers the full Air Force population.

03

DoD DMDC Casualty Reports

dmdc.osd.mil → Personnel, Workforce, Reports & Analytics → Casualty

DMDC publishes OIF/OEF/OND casualty data including breakdowns by component, pay grade, and for some periods, occupational category. These reports are the source for per-capita casualty rates by MOS group during combat operations. Current-year and historical data are available.

04

VA Published Benefits Data

benefits.va.gov → Research and Statistics → Annual Benefits Reports

The VA publishes annual reports showing the most common service-connected conditions by percentage of the compensation recipient population. While not broken down by MOS directly, the condition distribution (hearing loss, musculoskeletal, PTSD) combined with occupational exposure knowledge allows informed inference about MOS risk.

05

RAND Military Research

rand.org → Research Areas → National Security → Military

RAND has published multiple peer-reviewed studies on military occupational health, including analyses of TBI, hearing loss, and musculoskeletal injury patterns. These studies are publicly available at rand.org under the Military Health topic area and provide the academic evidence base behind much of the aggregate risk picture.

The honest caveat: Data is not consistently organized by MOS code. Cross-referencing requires matching MOS codes to accident categories, which requires some manual work and domain knowledge. This page will be adding compiled MOS-level data as it is verified. Until then, the navigation guides above are the fastest path to primary source data.

Section 05

The Training Risk Reality

One fact that rarely appears in recruiting presentations: in peacetime years, the majority of military fatalities are training-related, not combat-related.

Ground Vehicle Accidents
Leading cause of Army training fatalities
Consistently top cause in USACRC annual data
15–25 (Army alone)
Class A aviation mishaps per year
Majority during training operations, not combat
#1 and #2
Tinnitus + hearing loss
Most common VA disabilities — auditory damage is largely preventable

What “Training Risk” Actually Means

The occupational risk associated with a given MOS is present even without deployment. An 11B at Fort Liberty faces meaningfully different daily operational risk than a 42A at the same installation. Vehicle operations, live fire, airborne operations, and aviation training generate Class A mishaps in every fiscal year regardless of active combat operations.

This is the risk that recruiting presentations most consistently omit. The contract being signed is not just a combat contract — it is an occupational contract that carries risk from day one of initial entry training through the final day of service.

Section 06

What This Should Mean For Your Decision

This is not an argument against military service. It is an argument for informed military service. The data exists. You deserve to have it.

Before Signing
  • Ask your recruiter specifically about Class A mishap rates for the MOS you are considering. If they cannot answer, go to USACRC and look it up.
  • Ask what the training injury rate is for the MOS pipeline — not just combat risk.
  • Understand the difference between garrison and deployed risk for the specific MOS.
After Signing
  • Know your VA presumptive conditions related to your MOS. The PACT Act is a starting point, but broader VA presumptives exist for specific occupational exposures.
  • Locate the relevant service safety center publications for your MOS category.
  • Know what a C&P exam is and what it's for before you need one.
Before ETS / Separation
  • Document every medical event — even minor ones — during service. The pattern of injuries often becomes a VA claim years or decades later.
  • Request a copy of your complete medical record before your DD-214 date.
  • File a VA claim before you separate. The burden of proof is lower while still active.
During Service
  • Use hearing protection. Military culture in some units actively discourages it. Long-term hearing loss is documented, preventable, and permanently disabling.
  • Report injuries through official channels even when unit culture discourages it.
  • Know that any medical event documented in your service record has potential future VA claim value.
Section 07 — Roadmap

The Data We Are Still Building

This page currently presents aggregate risk categories. A MOS-level risk database is in development. Here is what is coming and where it stands.

Class A mishap rate by MOS categoryIn Progress

Sourced from USACRC and AFSEC annual reports, cross-referenced by branch of service

VA claim rates by MOS for most common service-connected conditionsIn Progress

Hearing loss, TBI, PTSD, musculoskeletal — derived from VA published claims data

Toxic exposure mapping by deployment location and MOSIn Progress

Burn pit proximity data cross-referenced with common MOS deployment patterns

MOS-level risk profiles with confidence ratingsPlanned

Individual pages for high-volume MOSs with sourced aggregate data and community-contributed notes

Community-reported data layerPlanned

Verified service members can contribute occupational health observations, building toward crowdsourced risk signals

Get notified when MOS-level risk data goes live

We are building a verified, sourced database of Class A mishap rates, VA claim patterns, and toxic exposure data organized by MOS. No spam — one email when it launches.

Intel Brief

Weekly intel from the ranks. No spam. Unsubscribe anytime.

FAQ

Common Questions

Where does this data come from?

All data referenced on this page is drawn from publicly available official sources: the U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC) at safety.army.mil, the Air Force Safety Center (AFSEC) at safety.af.mil, the Naval Safety Center at navalsafetycenter.navy.mil, and the DoD Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) casualty reports. These are government publications available to any member of the public.

Is infantry really that much more dangerous than other MOSs?

In aggregate, yes. Training injury rates for infantry — including airborne operations, live-fire exercises, and vehicle operations — consistently exceed most other MOS categories in USACRC ground accident data. During OIF/OEF, combat arms MOSs had significantly higher per-capita KIA and WIA rates than most support MOSs. The gap is substantial, not marginal.

What is a Class A mishap?

A Class A mishap is the most serious category in military safety classification. It is defined as an incident resulting in a fatality, permanent total disability, or property damage of $2.5 million or more (per DoDI 6055.07; thresholds are updated periodically). Class A mishap rates are the primary metric used to compare occupational risk across military career fields and are published annually by each service's safety center.

Does the military have to disclose occupational risks to recruits?

No. OSHA does not apply to military service members. There is no federal requirement equivalent to civilian workplace hazard disclosure that obligates recruiters to present occupational injury or fatality data for specific MOSs. The data exists — it is public — but there is no standard mechanism to ensure recruits see it before signing.

What about cyber, intelligence, and other technical MOSs?

Technical and administrative MOSs generally carry lower physical occupational risk than combat arms in garrison assignments. However, any MOS can be attached to a forward element during deployment, which creates exposure to indirect fire, vehicle movement accidents, and base perimeter incidents. 'Lower risk' does not mean 'no risk' — it means baseline training injury and mishap rates are lower.

Can I use this information in a VA disability claim?

VA disability claims are adjudicated based on individual service records, Compensation and Pension (C&P) examinations, and nexus letters connecting a current diagnosis to military service. This page cannot serve as evidence in a claim. However, knowing your MOS risk category can inform which conditions are worth claiming — particularly hearing loss, TBI, and musculoskeletal injuries — and help you build the nexus argument with a VSO or attorney.

Is peacetime military service as safe as a civilian job?

It depends entirely on MOS. Some military jobs — particularly administrative, finance, and certain technical roles — have injury and fatality rates comparable to or lower than similar civilian positions. Combat arms, rotary wing aviation, and EOD roles have significantly higher rates than comparable civilian trades (construction, commercial aviation). The range within a single branch is enormous, which is exactly what recruiter risk presentations typically obscure.

How do I find USACRC accident data for a specific MOS?

Go to safety.army.mil and navigate to the Army Safety publications section. Annual reports — titled 'Army Safety Program Annual Report' — include mishap breakdowns by Army branch (aviation, ground, explosive ordnance) and by unit type. Class A mishap summaries are published monthly. Cross-referencing these with your MOS branch of service (Aviation, Infantry, Armor, etc.) gives you the closest publicly available MOS-level approximation.

Primary Sources
USACRCU.S. Army Combat Readiness Centersafety.army.mil
AFSECAir Force Safety Centersafety.af.mil
NavSafeCenNaval Safety Centernavalsafetycenter.navy.mil
DMDCDoD Defense Manpower Data Centerdmdc.osd.mil
TBICoETBI Center of Excellence (formerly DVBIC)tbicoe.dcoe.mil
VA ABRVA Annual Benefits Reportbenefits.va.gov
PACT ActPublic Law 117-168 (2022)congress.gov
RANDRAND National Security Research Divisionrand.org

This page presents publicly available aggregate data from official government sources for informational purposes. It is not legal advice, medical advice, or a VA benefits claim. Individual circumstances vary. For VA claims assistance, contact an accredited VSO or VA-accredited attorney.

Published by the Honest MOS Editorial DeskVerified against DoD/.gov sourcesUpdated May 2026Editorial standards