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Your DD-214, decoded.

Every block on your Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty — explained like a human wrote it. The most important document you'll ever receive from the military.

Based on the standard DD Form 214 (Rev. 8/2009). Your specific form may vary slightly by branch or era of service. This guide covers the current format used across all branches.

On your DD-214
1. NAMESMITH, JOHN ALLEN
2. BRANCHUSA — RA
3. SSNXXX-XX-1234
4a. RANKSERGEANT
4b. PAY GRADEE-5
5. DOB15 MAR 1996
SEC 1Who you are on paper — forever.

Identification

Block 1NAME

Your legal name as it appears in official military records. Last, First, Middle.

Watch OutIf your name is wrong, you must get it corrected. A misspelled DD-214 will cause problems with the VA, employers, lenders, and every government agency for the rest of your life.
Block 2DEPARTMENT, COMPONENT AND BRANCH

Which branch and component you served in. Examples: "Department of the Army," "USN," "USMC." Active, Reserve, or National Guard.

Pro TipIf you served in multiple components (e.g., Active then Guard), you should have a DD-214 for each period of active service.
Block 3SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER

Your SSN. This is how the VA, DFAS, and every government system identifies your service record.

Watch OutGuard this document like your life depends on it. Your full SSN is on here. Store it in a fireproof safe or safe deposit box. Keep certified copies separate from the original.
Block 4aGRADE, RATE OR RANK

Your rank at the time of separation. Written as the full title: "Sergeant," "Petty Officer Second Class," etc.

Pro TipThis should reflect your highest rank held, not necessarily your rank at separation (if you were reduced in rank). If you were frocked, the rank shown should be the one you held at separation.
Watch OutIf this shows a lower rank than you held at separation, get it corrected immediately — it affects your VA disability calculation and retirement pay.
Block 4bPAY GRADE

Your pay grade at separation (E-1 through E-9, W-1 through W-5, O-1 through O-10).

Block 5DATE OF BIRTH

Your date of birth. Used for identity verification across all government systems.

On your DD-214
6. RESERVE OBL20280614
7. PLACE OF ENTRYRALEIGH, NC
8. LAST DUTY3BCT 82D ABN, FT LIBERTY NC
9. CMD TRANSFERUSAR CTRL GRP (IRR)
10. SGLI$400,000
11. PRI SPEC11B INFANTRYMAN 05 08
SEC 2Where you were and what you did.

Service Details

Block 6RESERVE OBLIGATION TERMINATION DATE

The date your total military service obligation (MSO) ends — typically 8 years from your initial enlistment date, regardless of active duty time served.

Pro TipEven after separating from active duty, you may still be in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) until this date. You can technically be recalled until the MSO expires.
Block 7PLACE OF ENTRY INTO ACTIVE DUTY

The city and state where you entered active duty — usually your MEPS location.

Block 8LAST DUTY ASSIGNMENT AND MAJOR COMMAND

Your final unit, installation, and major command. This is the unit you belonged to when you separated.

Pro TipSome employers verify military service by contacting your last unit. Make sure this is accurate.
Block 9COMMAND TO WHICH TRANSFERRED

Where your records go after separation. Usually "USAR Control Group (IRR)" for those with remaining obligation, or "N/A" if obligation is complete.

Block 10SGLI COVERAGE AMOUNT

Your Servicemembers' Group Life Insurance coverage at separation. You have 120 days to convert SGLI to VGLI (Veterans' Group Life Insurance) without a health exam.

Watch OutYou have exactly 120 days from separation to convert to VGLI without a medical exam. After 120 days, you need to prove insurability. Set a reminder — do not miss this window.
Pro TipVGLI rates increase with age. Compare VGLI rates against private term life insurance — you may find better deals on the open market if you're young and healthy.
Block 11PRIMARY SPECIALTY

Your primary MOS/NEC/AFSC — the military job code, title, and how long you held it. Format: number, title, years and months.

Pro TipThis is what civilian employers and the VA use to understand what you did. If you had multiple specialties, they should be listed in Block 18 (Remarks).
Watch OutIf your MOS is wrong or missing, it directly impacts VA disability claims for conditions related to your job duties. Get it corrected.
On your DD-214
12a. ENTERED AD15 JUN 2020
12b. SEPARATED14 JUN 2026
12c. NET THIS PD06 00 00
12d. PRIOR ACTIVE00 00 00
12e. PRIOR INACT00 00 00
12f. FOREIGN SVC01 03 12
12g. TOTAL06 00 00
SEC 3The dates that define everything.

Record of Service

Block 12aDATE ENTERED ACTIVE DUTY THIS PERIOD

When your current period of active duty began. For your first enlistment, this is usually your ship date to basic training.

Pro TipIf you re-enlisted or had a break in service, this is the start of your MOST RECENT continuous period, not your original entry date.
Block 12bSEPARATION DATE

Your official last day of active duty. This is the most important date on the entire document.

Pro TipVA benefits eligibility, GI Bill timelines, and many state veteran benefits are calculated from this date. Memorize it.
Watch OutIf you took terminal leave, your separation date is still the end of your terminal leave — not your last day of actual work.
Block 12cNET ACTIVE SERVICE THIS PERIOD

Total active duty time for this period: years, months, days. Calculated from 12a to 12b minus any lost time.

Block 12dTOTAL PRIOR ACTIVE SERVICE

Active duty time from previous service periods (prior enlistments, prior service in another branch).

Watch OutIf you had prior service and this shows 00-00-00, your total service time is being undercounted. This affects retirement eligibility and VA benefits.
Block 12eTOTAL PRIOR INACTIVE SERVICE

Time spent in the Reserves or National Guard in a non-active status (drilling, IRR time).

Block 12fFOREIGN SERVICE

Total time spent on foreign soil during this service period. Includes deployments, OCONUS PCS assignments, and TDY.

Pro TipForeign service time can qualify you for specific VA benefits and some state benefits. Make sure all OCONUS time is accounted for.
Block 12g (computed)NET ACTIVE SERVICE — TOTAL

Your total combined active duty service: current period (12c) plus prior active (12d). This is the number the VA and federal agencies use.

Pro TipThis determines GI Bill tier, VA loan eligibility, federal hiring preference weight, and retirement eligibility. Every day counts.
On your DD-214
13. AWARDSARCOM, AAM(2), GCM(2)...
14. MIL EDBLC, AIRBORNE, AIR ASLT
15. GI BILLYES
SEC 4The record of everything you earned.

Accomplishments

Block 13DECORATIONS, MEDALS, BADGES, CITATIONS AND CAMPAIGN RIBBONS

Every award and decoration you received. This is the official record of your military achievements.

Watch OutThis is the #1 most commonly incorrect block. Awards frequently get left off, especially end-of-tour awards that were still being processed at separation. Check against your ORB/SRB.
Pro TipMissing awards can be added later via DD-215 (correction form) or Board for Correction of Military Records (BCMR). Do not accept a DD-214 with missing awards if you can avoid it.
Pro TipCombat awards (CIB, CAB, CAR, Purple Heart, etc.) are especially important for VA disability claims as they establish combat service and exposure.
Block 14MILITARY EDUCATION

Formal military schools and training courses completed. AIT/MOS school, NCOES (BLC, ALC, SLC), OCS, flight school, Ranger, Airborne, etc.

Pro TipMilitary training often has civilian equivalents or translates to college credit (ACE recommendations). Document everything here for JST (Joint Services Transcript) purposes.
Block 15MEMBER CONTRIBUTED TO POST-VIETNAM ERA VETERANS' EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

Whether you contributed to the Montgomery GI Bill (MGIB — Chapter 30). This is the old $1,200 pay reduction during your first year of service.

Pro TipIf this says YES and you never used MGIB because you used Post-9/11 GI Bill instead, you may be eligible for a refund of the $1,200 after exhausting Post-9/11 benefits.
On your DD-214
16. LEAVE PAID45.0 DAYS
17. COPY 4YES
18. REMARKSSEE CONTINUATION
SEC 5Leave, addresses, and the fine print.

Administrative

Block 16DAYS ACCRUED LEAVE PAID

Number of unused leave days you were paid for at separation (leave sell-back). Maximum 60 days career total.

Pro TipLeave sell-back is taxed as regular income. Terminal leave is not. If you had the option, terminal leave was usually the better financial move.
Block 17MEMBER REQUESTS COPY 4

Whether you requested Copy 4, which is sent directly to the VA for benefits processing.

Watch OutAlways request Copy 4. Always. This kickstarts your VA benefits processing. If you didn't request it, file your DD-214 with the VA yourself.
Block 18REMARKS

The catch-all block. Contains critical information: additional MOS codes, overseas service details, special qualifications, GI Bill eligibility statement, deployment dates, and continuation of Block 13 if it ran out of space.

Pro TipThis block should contain your Post-9/11 GI Bill eligibility determination. If it's missing, the VA may take longer to process your education benefits.
Pro TipDeployment dates listed here are critical for VA disability claims — they establish in-theater service and potential exposure to hazards.
Watch OutRead every line. This is where important information gets buried. Additional specialties, language qualifications, and special duty assignments may only appear here.
On your DD-214
23. TYPEDISCHARGE
24. CHARACTERHONORABLE
25. SEP AUTHAR 635-200, CH 4
26. SPD CODEJBK
27. RE CODERE-1
28. NARRATIVECOMPLETION OF REQD
SEC 6How you left — the blocks that follow you forever.

Separation

Block 23TYPE OF SEPARATION

The administrative category of your departure: "Discharge," "Release from Active Duty," "Retirement," etc.

Pro Tip"Release from Active Duty" (for Reserves/Guard returning from activation) is different from "Discharge." Release preserves your Reserve/Guard status; discharge terminates all service.
Block 24CHARACTER OF SERVICE

The single most important field on your DD-214. Honorable, General (Under Honorable Conditions), Other Than Honorable (OTH), Bad Conduct Discharge (BCD), or Dishonorable.

Watch OutThis block determines your entire post-service life. Honorable = full VA benefits, GI Bill, VA home loan, federal hiring preference. General = most VA benefits but no GI Bill. OTH = very limited VA benefits. BCD/Dishonorable = virtually no benefits.
Pro TipIf you received anything less than Honorable and believe it was unjust, you can apply for a discharge upgrade through your branch's Discharge Review Board (DRB) or the Board for Correction of Military/Naval Records (BCMR/BCNR). The DRB can only review discharges within 15 years; the BCMR has no time limit.
Pro TipThe "Hagel Memo" and "Kurta Memo" directed boards to give liberal consideration to PTSD, TBI, MST, and other mental health conditions when reviewing discharge upgrades. If your discharge was connected to untreated service-related conditions, you have a stronger case than ever.
Block 25SEPARATION AUTHORITY

The regulation or directive that authorized your separation. Examples: AR 635-200 (Army enlisted), MILPERSMAN 1910 (Navy), AFI 36-3208 (Air Force).

Pro TipLook up the specific paragraph cited. It tells you the legal basis for your separation type and can be important for discharge upgrade petitions.
Block 26SEPARATION CODE (SPD CODE)

A three-character alphanumeric code that tells the military (and anyone with the lookup table) the specific reason for your separation. Examples: JBK (completion of required service), KFS (failure to meet body fat standards).

Watch OutSPD codes are technically "for military use only" but employers, background check companies, and government agencies absolutely look them up. Some codes are benign (JBK = normal ETS); others tell a specific story.
Pro TipThe full SPD code table is in DoD Instruction 1332.30. You have the right to know what your code means.
Block 27REENTRY CODE (RE CODE)

Determines whether you can reenlist or rejoin the military. RE-1 = fully eligible. RE-2 = eligible with waiver. RE-3 = eligible with significant waiver. RE-4 = not eligible.

Watch OutRE-3 or RE-4 doesn't just block reenlistment — some federal jobs and security clearances consider the RE code. If you believe your code is wrong, pursue a correction.
Pro TipRE codes can be changed through the BCMR/BCNR process. If your separation was related to a condition that has since been resolved, or if policies have changed, you may have grounds.
Block 28NARRATIVE REASON FOR SEPARATION

Plain-language reason for your separation. Examples: "Completion of Required Active Service," "Parenthood," "Personality Disorder," "Misconduct," "Disability, Severance Pay."

Pro Tip"Completion of Required Active Service" or "Expiration Term of Service" are the standard, unremarkable reasons — they mean you served your contract and left normally.
Watch OutSome narrative reasons carry significant stigma even with an Honorable discharge. "Personality Disorder" separations, in particular, have been heavily criticized and many veterans have successfully petitioned for changes citing undiagnosed PTSD or TBI.
On your DD-214
29. TIME LOSTNONE
30. SIGNED14 JUN 2026
SEC 7The final accounting.

Dates & Signatures

Block 29DATES OF TIME LOST DURING THIS PERIOD

Time that doesn't count toward service: AWOL, confinement, excess leave, unauthorized absence. Subtracted from total active service.

Watch OutLost time reduces your total active service calculation and can affect GI Bill eligibility (which requires minimum active service thresholds).
Block 30MEMBER SIGNATURE / DATE

Your signature acknowledging receipt of the DD-214. Signing does NOT mean you agree with the contents.

Pro TipIf you see errors when you're handed your DD-214, do NOT refuse to sign — sign it and immediately request corrections. Refusing to sign doesn't prevent the discharge; it just means you leave without your copy.
Watch OutReview every single block before signing. This is your last chance to flag errors while you're still in the system. After separation, corrections require the DD-215 process or BCMR petition, which takes months to years.
On your DD-214
COPY 1SERVICE RECORD
COPY 2STATE/VA
COPY 4MEMBER (LONG)
COPY 8MEMBER (SHORT)
SEC 8Not all copies are the same. This matters.

The Copies

Copy 1COPY 1 — SERVICE RECORD

Goes to your branch's personnel records center. The official file copy. Contains ALL blocks, including the separation code and RE code.

Copy 2COPY 2 — STATE/VA

Filed with your state's veteran affairs office. Typically recorded at your county courthouse. Contains all blocks.

Pro TipFile your DD-214 with your county recorder's office. This creates a permanent backup. If your original is lost, this recorded copy can be used as proof of service.
Watch OutSome counties make recorded documents publicly searchable. Ask about restricting access if you don't want your DD-214 (with SSN) in public records.
Copy 4COPY 4 — MEMBER COPY (LONG FORM)

YOUR complete copy. Contains every block — including Blocks 23-28 (separation details). This is the copy you keep forever.

Watch OutDO NOT give employers your Copy 4 if they only need proof of service. Give them Copy 8 (short form) instead. Copy 4 has your SSN and separation details that employers don't need and shouldn't have.
Pro TipMake at least 5 certified copies and store them in separate secure locations. Fireproof safe at home, safe deposit box, with a trusted family member, and a scanned encrypted digital copy.
Copy 8COPY 8 — MEMBER COPY (SHORT FORM)

The "sanitized" version. Omits Blocks 23-28 (character of service, separation code, RE code, and narrative reason). Safe to show employers.

Pro TipUse this for employment verification, veteran discounts, VA home loan applications, and any situation where you need to prove service without revealing separation details.
Pro TipIf anyone other than the VA asks for your DD-214, give them Copy 8. If they insist on Copy 4, ask why — most legitimate purposes are served by Copy 8.
Red Flags

Errors that will cost you for the rest of your life

!
Wrong character of service (Block 24)

If your character of service doesn't match what you were told at separation, this affects every VA benefit, your GI Bill, your VA home loan, and federal hiring preference. Challenge it immediately.

!
Missing awards in Block 13

Compare against your ORB/SRB and iPerms/OMPF. Awards that were "in the system" at separation often get left off. Every missing combat award weakens future VA claims.

!
Wrong or unfavorable RE code (Block 27)

An RE-3 or RE-4 blocks reenlistment and can affect federal employment. If you left voluntarily and honorably, you should have RE-1 or RE-2.

!
Block 12 service dates don't add up

Calculate the dates yourself. If total active service is undercounted by even one month, it can affect GI Bill percentage, retirement points, or federal hiring preference.

!
Missing GI Bill eligibility statement in Block 18

Block 18 should contain your Post-9/11 GI Bill eligibility determination. Without it, VA education benefits processing takes significantly longer.

!
Deployment dates missing from Block 18

Deployment dates establish in-theater service for VA presumptive conditions (burn pits, Agent Orange, Gulf War illness). If they're not listed, your disability claims get harder to prove.

!
"Personality Disorder" in Block 28

Thousands of veterans were separated for "personality disorder" when they actually had PTSD, TBI, or MST-related conditions. Discharge upgrade boards are actively correcting these under the Hagel and Kurta memos.

!
Wrong MOS in Block 11

Your primary specialty must be correct — it's used by the VA to evaluate service-connected disability claims related to your job duties. A wrong MOS can lead to denied claims.

Something Wrong?

How to fix errors on your DD-214

  1. 1

    Review every block against your service record (ORB/SRB, iPerms/OMPF, awards, orders). Document every discrepancy with evidence.

  2. 2

    For simple factual corrections (misspelled name, missing award), submit a DD-215 (Correction to DD-214) through your branch's records center. This is the fastest path.

  3. 3

    For substantive changes (character of service, RE code, narrative reason), petition the Board for Correction of Military/Naval Records (BCMR/BCNR). There is no time limit for BCMR applications.

  4. 4

    For discharge upgrades within 15 years of discharge, you can also apply to your branch's Discharge Review Board (DRB), which is faster than the BCMR. After 15 years, only the BCMR can help.

  5. 5

    Get help: your county Veterans Service Officer (VSO) will help you file for free. Organizations like the Legal Services Center at Yale and the National Veterans Legal Services Program also provide free legal assistance for discharge upgrades.

Lost Your DD-214?

How to get a replacement

  1. 1

    Request online through the National Archives (eVetRecs) at archives.gov/veterans. This is the fastest official method.

  2. 2

    Or submit SF-180 (Request Pertaining to Military Records) by mail to the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis.

  3. 3

    Check your county recorder's office — if you filed Copy 2 after separation, they have a recorded copy you can get immediately.

  4. 4

    Processing time varies: online requests typically take 2-4 weeks. Mail requests can take months. Emergency requests (funeral honors, medical emergencies) can be expedited by calling NPRC directly.

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